I. SHAPE OF TRUNK, generally a single trunkFormal Upright (chokkan)
Informal Upright (tachiki)
Informal Upright (moyo-gi)
Slanting (shakan)
Minimum Slant (sho-shakan)
Midway Slant (chu-shakan)
Great or Extreme Slant (dai-shakan)
Semicascade (han-kengai)
Cascade (kengai)
Great or extreme almost vertical (dai-kengai)
Top of a cliff or dome cascade (gaito-kengai)
Waterfall cascade (taki-kengai)
Trunk and branches cascading as a mass of strings (ito-kengai)
More than two trunks cascading (takan-kengai)
Literati (bunjingi)
Coiled (bankan)
Broom (hokidachi)
Branches falling down or weeping
(nazashi)
Split-trunk (sabamiki)
Split or Hollowed trunk (sabakan)
Knobby trunk (kobukan)
Driftwood (sharimiki)
Peeled bark trunk (sharikan)
Wind-swept (fukinagashi)
Exposed-root (neagari)
Aerial-root (neku)
Root-over-rock (sekijoju)
Clinging-to-a-rock (ishitsuki)
Twisted-trunk (nejikan)
Octopus (takozukuri)
II. MULTIPLE TRUNKS from a Single RootTwin-trunk (sokan)
Three trunks (sankan)
Five trunks (gokan)
Clump (kabubuki or kabudachi)
Stump (korabuki, lit. "turtle back")
Straight-line or raft (ikadabuki)
Sinuous (netsunagari)
III. MULTIPLE TRUNKS & GROUP PLANTINGSTwo-tree (soju)
Three-tree (sambon-yose)
Five-tree (gohon-yose)
Seven-tree (nanahon-yose)
Nine-tree (kyuhon-yose)
Multiple-tree (yose-ue)
Natural-group (yamayori)
Clustered-group (tsukami-yose)
IV. NON-BONSAI GROUP PLANTINGSTray-landscape (bonkei)
Group planting (saikei)
Seasonal plantings
Plantings of herbs, grasses, and shrubs (kusamono or shitakusa)
V. SPECIAL CATEGORYMiniature (mame)
Small-sized, 8 - 15 inches H (katate-mono or komono)
Medium-sized, 15 - 26 inches H
Large-sized, 40 - 80 inches H
Large, carried by 2 persons
Large, carried by 3 persons
Large, carried by 4 persons
VI. SHAPES or OUTLINE (jukei)Pyramidal or Conical
(jikkei or jikka)
Very traditional pine tree (matsu-zukuri)
Ball or Egg (tama-zukrui)
Candle flame (rosoku-zukuri)
Umbrella (kasa-zukuri)
Exaggerated form of Matsu-Zukuri, often used for background of "Noh" plays (hosho-zukuri)
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